Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening - 847 Words

Have you ever read a poem that was so well written that you could almost imagine yourself being the person in the poem and feeling all of the emotions portrayed by the speaker? In the poem â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening†, written by Robert Frost in 1923, you receive that exact feeling. The poem is about a man stopping to admire the beauty that are the woods on a snowy night on his way to complete his task. This poem had many parts that could be well analyzed, which was surprising for how short the poem truly was. â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† had many literary terms including the structure of the stanzas, symbols and imagery in each line, and the theme and tone of the entire poem. This poem is a four stanza poem or a quatrain poem which simply means a poem with four stanzas. Each stanza had 4 lines with each line having eight syllables. Starting from the beginning, the first, second and fourth lines rhyme with â€Å"know†, â€Å"though†, and â€Å"snow†. The third, fifth, sixth and eighth lines rhyme together with the words â€Å"here†, â€Å"queer†, â€Å"near†, and â€Å"year†. The seventh, ninth, tenth and twelfth lines rhyme because of the words â€Å"lake†, â€Å"shake†, â€Å"mistake†, and â€Å"flake†. Finally, the eleventh, thirteenth, and fourteenth lines rhyme together with the words â€Å"sweep†, â€Å"deep†, â€Å"keep† and â€Å"sleep†. Additionally, the sixteenth and seventeenth lines rhyme with the previous ones and are the only two lines in the poem that repeat themselves with the phrases â€Å"And miles to go before IShow MoreRelatedStoppi ng By Woods On A Snowy Evening1415 Words   |  6 Pagesoften triggered by feelings of helplessness and the inability to cope (Suicide Facts). Many people who suffer from feelings of self-despair mistakenly believe that ending their lives is the antidote to their pain. Robert Frost’s poems, â€Å"Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening,† â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† and â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† each have distinct moods and messages, but they converge on a common theme. While many readers may have difficulty interpreting the gloomy, hopeless poems, the main message ofRead MoreStopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening904 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† is a poem written by Robert Frost in 1923. In order for us to understand the message that the author is trying to depict in this poem, we must use â€Å"the drill† method. The drill method consist of analyzing the poem for devices of sound and figures of speech. The drill method is used to unravel the distilled content within the artwork. The devices of sound are resources that poets utilize in their art to project and reiterate the meaning or the experience ofRead MoreStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening600 Words   |  3 PagesRobert Frost’s â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† is a poem that gives off different feelings the more times one re-reads it. At a first glance, it seems like a simple momentary encounter for the speaker with beautiful Mother Nature, who stops to enjoy it before returning to the long journey that awaits him. However, with the second read, as one thinks more deeply, it becomes clear that the poem is actually illustrating the speaker’s journey through life. The unforeseen stopping depicts a pointRead MoreStopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening1556 Words   |  7 Pagesis present in Frost’s poem, â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,† from the 1928 collection, West-Running Brook. Here, Frost creates a good example of a Rubaiyat stanza that is br oken into four sections totaling sixteen lines. From the moment we meet the narrator, we are aware that his persona is suspicious, from his inspections of the winter surrounding, to the focus on his odd behavior and the final reminder of a plan. What â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† deeply concerns is found inRead MoreStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening1900 Words   |  8 Pagescan arrange what they want to say in several different ways. A wonderful collection of poetry which is more than capable of helping you achieve this is, â€Å"A Sense of Place.† Among these poems the focus will be entirely placed on â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† by Robert Frost. He was born on March 17th in 1874 San Francisco, California. Frost’s mother was of Scottish descent and his father’s origin was English. This particular poem of his was written in 1922 when Frost was at the age ofRead More Stopping by woods on a snowy evening Essay2229 Words   |  9 Pagesincluded. quot;Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Eveningquot; Complete Text Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village, though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queernbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the yearRead MoreAnalysis Of Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening1920 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening† By Robert Frost Commentary The poem, â€Å"Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening,† by Robert Frost is about the speaker walking near the woods while snowing. Though deceptive in length because of the feeling of a dream or deep sleep, the poem is rather short with only 16 lines. Ultimately, Frost creates a tension throughout the whole poem between a near-silent sleep or dream state and inclination to face reality. The readers are being drawn into sleep with the speaker’sRead MoreAnalysis of Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening851 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Stopping by woods on a snowy evening Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening is a very well know poem by Robert Frost. The poem appears to be very simple, but it has a hidden meaning to it. The simple words and rhyme scheme of the poem gives it an easy flow, which adds to the calmness of the poem. The rhyme scheme (aaba, bbcb, ccdc, dddd) and the rhythm (iambic tetrameter) give the poem a solid structure. The poem is about the speaker s experience of stopping by the dark woods in the winterRead MoreStopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesFrost poetry in my free time. A phrase within the fourth stanza of the poem Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, curiously mirrored the journey of Christine J. Walley, the author of the ethno-biography Exit Zero. â€Å"The woods are lovely, dark, and deep but I have promises to keep, and miles to go before I sleep,† Frost writes. He presents the reader with a lone traveler trekking through the woods in search of answer. These woods display a level of co mplexion that may not be noticed by the everyday passerbyRead MoreAnalysis Of Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening1506 Words   |  7 Pageselements of human life within simple poetry. The fourth stanza of his poem Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, curiously mirrored the journey of Christine J. Walley, the author of the ethno-biography Exit Zero. â€Å"The woods are lovely, dark, and deep. But I have promises to keep, and miles to go before I sleep,† Frost writes (Frost, 1923). He presents a lone traveler trekking through the woods in search of answers. These woods display a level of complexity that may not be noticed by the everyday passerby

The Ancient Egyptian Pyramids The Seven Wonders Of The...

The Egyptian Pyramids The seven wonders of the world: the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and of course, the Great Pyramids of Giza. (telegraph.co.uk) The Great Pyramids of Giza, built between 2584 and 2561 B.C, are located twelve miles from the capital of egypt, Cairo. (ancient.eu) They were the tallest man made structures in the world for 3800 years, until the completion of the Lincoln Cathedral in England. Measuring at 230 meters wide and 146 meters tall, the Great Pyramid at Giza took over 100,000 workers and over 20 years to complete. (Ancientegypt.co.uk) Why did the the Egyptians go†¦show more content†¦(Biography.com) The pyramids explain an abundance of information on about how the people of ancient egypt saw their pharaohs and queens. Inducing years and years of back-breaking labor to build structures that have people today still in awe. Historians still argue about who actually built the pyramids; due to the fact that they are so gigantic, some believe that the ancient egyptians could not have possibly built the pyramids by themselves based on the size of the pyramids and the lack of technology they were using. However, Mark Lehner, archeologist at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago and Harvard Semitic Museum, thinks that the people of ancient egypt built the pyramids to show their respect to the pharaohs and queens who ruled over them. â€Å"Every time I go back to Giza my respect increases for those people and that society, that they could do it. You see, to me it s even more fascinating that they did this. And that by doing this they contributed something to the human caree r and its overall development.† Mark Lehner s statement shows that the ancient Egyptian culture admired their leaders more than any other culture did at the time. (pbs.org) The cultureShow MoreRelatedThe Great Pyramid Of Giza1138 Words   |  5 Pagesof the seven wonders of the world. For almost four millennias they were the tallest structures of the entire world. And yet we are still baffled as to how they were built. The Pyramids! We find these mysterious, immense, and fascinating structures throughout the world. We gaze at them in wonder and ask ourselves: who built them? How were they built? what were they used for? and, when were they built? The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complexRead MoreSeven Wonders of the Ancient World1404 Words   |  6 PagesSeven Wonders of the Ancient World Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations were some of the greatest civilizations in human history. The Greeks and the Romans had many interests and pursuits. These are cultures that placed a great deal of value in aesthetics and architecture. There are in fact many structures and artifacts that have survived from those civilizations. The Greek and Romans pursued and appreciation what they believed to be aesthetic and mathematicalRead More The Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada and the Khafre at Giza Essay967 Words   |  4 Pagesto its base, a thirty story replica of the Egyptian pyramid of Khafre at Giza. Khafres Pyramid, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, gives an understanding of the Egyptian culture over 4000 years age. Located within the spectacular city of Las Vegas, Nevada, the Luxor Hotel and Casino creates a bridge between ancient Egyptian architecture with futuristic technology. Completed on October 15, 1993, the Luxor Hotel gives its patrons a taste of ancient Egypt. With 600 feet on each side at the baseRead MoreEgyptian, Islamic and Roman Architecture Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesEgyptian Civilization: I chose Egyptian civilization because it’s known as the birthplace of modern civilization. Another reason I chose Egyptian civilization is because its contributions to the world still seen, studied and absorbers. Egypt contribution has come along way and has mad an impact in on thousands of cultures worldwide. Some of Egypt’s contributions I will address are arts, literature and architecture. The Egyptians had little wood to build their buildings and monuments. The EgyptiansRead MoreEssay on Ancient Egypt1122 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Egypt One of the greatest and most enduring human civilizations established itself in the Nile Valley. Over thousands of years the Egyptians shaped their civilization and have portrayed their canonical nature within their art, literature, and architecture. The Egyptians adhered to their rules and their standards of belief and behavior in their daily lives. The artistic canon is well represented in Egyptian tomb paintings. For the Egyptians, art was made to serve a particularRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia917 Words   |  4 PagesArchitecture in Egypt and Mesopotamia When you think about ancient architecture, what questions arise? Do you ask yourself about its history, durability, and structure? For example, Egypt is known for its pyramids, while Mesopotamia is known for its temple. Both are influential and recognizable after so many years and will continue to be for years to come, those questions come without a doubt to mind. In the following paragraphs, these questions will be answered and explainedRead More pyramids and ziggurats Essays880 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences) between Ancient Egyptian Pyramids, Mesopotamian ziggurats, and the pyramids of Pre-Columbian South America. All of them had major significance for their peoples cultures and religious beliefs, as well as having historic significance today. The greatest parallel between all of these ancient skyscrapers is that they were made for the upper echelons of these now defunct civilizations. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Egyptians built the most of these cultures. Over 90 royal pyramids were producedRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Great Pyramid of Giza† is situated in the Giza Necropolis which borders the largest city in Egypt – Giza. It is also identified by two other names; the Pyramid of â€Å"Cheops† or â€Å"Khufu†. The Great Pyramid stands as the largest and oldest among the Giza Necropolis pyramids. Furthermore, it is listed among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, holding the record of being the oldest in that list. The magnificence of the pyramid’s structure is an attraction that has grabbed the attention of severalRead MoreThe Massive Mystery Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagescollection of theories as to how the ancient pyramids were constructed. The Great Pyramid of Giza is truly an incredible architectural accomplishment. This pyramid in particular is commonly referred to as the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. Some believe that the Egyptians had developed technology that has simply been lost in time. Others think they had help from extraterrestrial beings. The reality of the construction relied on human labor. The egyptians must have developed an intelligentRead MoreWhat ´s Webiography?946 Words   |  4 Pagesassignment. Ancient history is something I never taught I will be interested in until I started watching the history channel, although it is a prerequisite for a degree course I have always had interest in knowing more about this course and one thing I noticed from watching the history channel is, it has connection with the bible. For this assignment, am going to be writing about; the Egyptian pyramid, the Greece gods and the River Nile. I picked these three topics because it goes back to ancient history

Risk and Diversity Project Selection and Implementation

Question: Discuss about the Risk and Diversityfor Project Selection and Implementation. Answer: A project faces numerous risks when project teams are both geographically as well as culturally diverse. It is analyzed from the post that geographical diverse project does not utilize traditional system of communication like instant messaging, face to face discussions as well as telephonic calls. Cultural values can also create negative impact on project in context to work ethics, values as well as holidays. This is because organizational hierarchy of one country differs from another, which gives rise to differences in hierarchical authority. The geographical diverse team creates negative challenges in the implementation of the project in context to market opportunities, commissioning, project selection and implementation whereas cultural risk hampers the project in terms of organizational culture, negotiation as well as networking (Turner, 2016). The problems or risk that project faces due to culturally as well as geographical diverse team can be resolved by establishing an optimal structure of the team, creating collaborative planning as well as decision making commitment, dividing tasks symmetrically between regions, and by reducing time-zone differences. The other risk areas, which are identified in context to culturally diverse as well as geographical teams, include distribution of task, geographical distribution, cultural distribution, stakeholder relations, technology set up as well as communication infrastructure (Hall et al., 2015). It is analyzed from the post that incorporation of proper policies as well as procedures is quite effective in reducing the challenges that organization faces due to culturally as well as geographically diverse teams. Therefore, it is quite significant to provide clear triggers, which are helpful in activating the processes that can be given with the help o trend analysis as well as variance. References Hall, N. G., Long, D. Z., Qi, J., Sim, M. (2015). Managing underperformance risk in project portfolio selection.Operations Research,63(3), 660-675. Turner, R. (2016).Gower handbook of project management. Routledge.

Influence of Advertising in Consumer Buying Behavior Essay Example

Influence of Advertising in Consumer Buying Behavior Essay Introduction: People really change no matter what they want to be, it all depends on their personality if they will be fool or not by such an impressive kind of art that can really convinced the consumers every time they watch or hear about a spectacular advertisements. Advertising is a form of communication for marketing that is used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate an audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group) to continue or take some new action. Of all the Marketing weapons, advertising is renowned for its long lasting impact on viewer’s mind, as its exposure is much broader (Katke, 2007).Advertising reaches us through a channel of communication referred to as a medium. Through all the mediums advertising influence audiences, but television is one of the strongest medium of advertising. Advertising is the best way to communicate and convince the customers to buy a new or an existing product. It can influence the buying behavior of the consumer s by how effective the advertisement was. This paper studies about the influences of advertising on consumer buying behavior, on how it affects the preferences of the consumers in buying a product.The advertising affects the everyday activities of the economy in the lives of people. It influences people through education, reassurance and persuasion. The major aim of advertising is to impact on buying behavior. No company can become a market leader unless they invest lots of their investment in promotional purposes (Hussainy et al. , 2008). ? Everyone loves to watch television, listen to the radio, read newspapers and magazines, and look at the billboards around them. We are living in a world which advertisements appear in many kinds of methods twenty four hours a day.Advertising through all mediums influence audiences, but television is one of the strongest medium of advertising and due to its mass reach; it can influence not only the individual’s attitude, behavior, life sty le, exposure and in the long run, even the culture of the country (Latif and Abideen, 2011). Television supplies sound, pictures and movement that allow people to see the product. It is the strongest medium of advertising because it introduced the product visually and attractively to confused the consumers, so that they will buy and try the product.One way also that advertising uses to influence consumers is to used models or a celebrity to convinced customers of how effective their product was. Repeated advertising messages affect consumer behavior. This repetition serves as a reminder to the consumer. A behavior that reminding the consumers thinking of a product while shopping and making a decision to buy it eventually. Any promotional strategy of the advertisers can increase customer loyalty by getting the word out about special pricing, rewards programs and other incentives to buy.Because when you regularly remind customers about your offerings, consumer may begin to wander of w hat benefits they will get when they accepted or try the offer that was given by the company. And by this kind of strategy, the customer has created loyalty to the company and when He or She buys a product it will clearly shows that the customers will buy your products because of the incentives they will get. As the definition above, it clearly shows that advertising plays a great role in enticing customer to buy a certain product. One factor that affects the behavior of the consumers is that they increased awareness.According from Robert Morello â€Å"Advertising and any promotional strategy offers news to consumers; it gives information about new products and services. It provides facts without approval or disapproval from consumers†. Consumer behavior at this stage encompasses expression of curiosity especially if the product is new in the market and consumers might think to try their products. According to Shari Graydon â€Å"Our materialistic wants are increased through advertising, as we want more goods; we are using more and more resources to produce these goods†.Many people believed that being materialistic type of person is linked to advertising. Many people fear that the advertisers are increasing the idea that we need to have the best products rather than enjoying a day of happiness. Many feel advertising helps promotes this idea. According to disquisitive one of the member of the blogger â€Å"fluther† â€Å"Media has convinced the public that they are not worthy if they do not own certain things†. In today’s society many feel advertising break through many social issues. One of these issues is that advertising promotes materialistic values.Materialistic values are values that deal with possession. George Zinkham said â€Å"We are always crazed about the newest products and latest ideas. Everyone is looking for the next products†. Yes, consumers make people materialistic because people think that â€Å"thi ngs† is more important to the satisfaction of our lives. The whole advertising industry focuses on making people want things whether they need them or not. Or sometimes people may go into debt to buy all the stuff that they really want. And the result is, they have to work hard in order to pay all their debts.A company cannot make dream to be a well known brand until they invests in their promotional activities, for which consumer market have been dominating through advertisements (Hussainy et al. , 2008). The common goal of advertising is to influence consumer choice of a particular brand. So, consumers really go into it and people tend to buy things they do not really need or want and this is the way on how to encourage people to buy a specific brand. Also, advertisers create false images that will deceive each of the consumers to buy their products.The major aim of advertising is to impact on buying behavior; however, this impact about brand is changed or strengthened frequ ently in people’s memories. Memories about the brand consist of those associations that are related to brand name in consumer mind. These brand cognition influence consideration, evaluation, and finally purchases (Romaniuk and Sharp, 2003). As we mention above about special pricing, most of the customers will go to a certain company who runs a sale rather than going to its competitor.This strategy can attract the attention of the customers and keep the consumers focused on the brand. In addition, when choosing products and services it is necessary to compare them with other brand. In this sense, advertising helps in persuading consumers to believe that one brand is better than other brand and that it can deliver more benefits to improve their lives. Persuasion motivates consumers to try new brand, request for information as well as redeeming coupon. In like manner, consumers are encouraged to purchase in volume once their attention is focused on a specific brand. Influence of Advertising in Consumer Buying Behavior Essay Example Influence of Advertising in Consumer Buying Behavior Essay Introduction: People really change no matter what they want to be, it all depends on their personality if they will be fool or not by such an impressive kind of art that can really convinced the consumers every time they watch or hear about a spectacular advertisements. Advertising is a form of communication for marketing that is used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate an audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group) to continue or take some new action. Of all the Marketing weapons, advertising is renowned for its long lasting impact on viewer’s mind, as its exposure is much broader (Katke, 2007).Advertising reaches us through a channel of communication referred to as a medium. Through all the mediums advertising influence audiences, but television is one of the strongest medium of advertising. Advertising is the best way to communicate and convince the customers to buy a new or an existing product. It can influence the buying behavior of the consumer s by how effective the advertisement was. This paper studies about the influences of advertising on consumer buying behavior, on how it affects the preferences of the consumers in buying a product.The advertising affects the everyday activities of the economy in the lives of people. It influences people through education, reassurance and persuasion. The major aim of advertising is to impact on buying behavior. No company can become a market leader unless they invest lots of their investment in promotional purposes (Hussainy et al. , 2008). ? Everyone loves to watch television, listen to the radio, read newspapers and magazines, and look at the billboards around them. We are living in a world which advertisements appear in many kinds of methods twenty four hours a day.Advertising through all mediums influence audiences, but television is one of the strongest medium of advertising and due to its mass reach; it can influence not only the individual’s attitude, behavior, life sty le, exposure and in the long run, even the culture of the country (Latif and Abideen, 2011). Television supplies sound, pictures and movement that allow people to see the product. It is the strongest medium of advertising because it introduced the product visually and attractively to confused the consumers, so that they will buy and try the product.One way also that advertising uses to influence consumers is to used models or a celebrity to convinced customers of how effective their product was. Repeated advertising messages affect consumer behavior. This repetition serves as a reminder to the consumer. A behavior that reminding the consumers thinking of a product while shopping and making a decision to buy it eventually. Any promotional strategy of the advertisers can increase customer loyalty by getting the word out about special pricing, rewards programs and other incentives to buy.Because when you regularly remind customers about your offerings, consumer may begin to wander of w hat benefits they will get when they accepted or try the offer that was given by the company. And by this kind of strategy, the customer has created loyalty to the company and when He or She buys a product it will clearly shows that the customers will buy your products because of the incentives they will get. As the definition above, it clearly shows that advertising plays a great role in enticing customer to buy a certain product. One factor that affects the behavior of the consumers is that they increased awareness.According from Robert Morello â€Å"Advertising and any promotional strategy offers news to consumers; it gives information about new products and services. It provides facts without approval or disapproval from consumers†. Consumer behavior at this stage encompasses expression of curiosity especially if the product is new in the market and consumers might think to try their products. According to Shari Graydon â€Å"Our materialistic wants are increased through advertising, as we want more goods; we are using more and more resources to produce these goods†.Many people believed that being materialistic type of person is linked to advertising. Many people fear that the advertisers are increasing the idea that we need to have the best products rather than enjoying a day of happiness. Many feel advertising helps promotes this idea. According to disquisitive one of the member of the blogger â€Å"fluther† â€Å"Media has convinced the public that they are not worthy if they do not own certain things†. In today’s society many feel advertising break through many social issues. One of these issues is that advertising promotes materialistic values.Materialistic values are values that deal with possession. George Zinkham said â€Å"We are always crazed about the newest products and latest ideas. Everyone is looking for the next products†. Yes, consumers make people materialistic because people think that â€Å"thi ngs† is more important to the satisfaction of our lives. The whole advertising industry focuses on making people want things whether they need them or not. Or sometimes people may go into debt to buy all the stuff that they really want. And the result is, they have to work hard in order to pay all their debts.A company cannot make dream to be a well known brand until they invests in their promotional activities, for which consumer market have been dominating through advertisements (Hussainy et al. , 2008). The common goal of advertising is to influence consumer choice of a particular brand. So, consumers really go into it and people tend to buy things they do not really need or want and this is the way on how to encourage people to buy a specific brand. Also, advertisers create false images that will deceive each of the consumers to buy their products.The major aim of advertising is to impact on buying behavior; however, this impact about brand is changed or strengthened frequ ently in people’s memories. Memories about the brand consist of those associations that are related to brand name in consumer mind. These brand cognition influence consideration, evaluation, and finally purchases (Romaniuk and Sharp, 2003). As we mention above about special pricing, most of the customers will go to a certain company who runs a sale rather than going to its competitor.This strategy can attract the attention of the customers and keep the consumers focused on the brand. In addition, when choosing products and services it is necessary to compare them with other brand. In this sense, advertising helps in persuading consumers to believe that one brand is better than other brand and that it can deliver more benefits to improve their lives. Persuasion motivates consumers to try new brand, request for information as well as redeeming coupon. In like manner, consumers are encouraged to purchase in volume once their attention is focused on a specific brand.